Farewell to Combustion Engines

For decades, people have imagined that the future of mobility would involve flying cars, much like those in science fiction films. While we have yet to see this vision materialize on a large scale—despite existing prototypes—the future knocking at our door has four wheels and zero emissions: the electric car. Meanwhile, fossil fuel-powered vehicles already have an expiration date.

More than 30 countries have announced plans to end the sale of gasoline and diesel cars by 2035. Automakers such as General Motors, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Volvo, and Volkswagen have set concrete goals to phase out combustion engine vehicles over the next two decades. The European Union went even further: in 2023, it approved a ban on the sale of new combustion engine vehicles starting in 2035, as part of the ambitious Fit for 55 climate plan, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels.

This movement is driven by irrefutable climate evidence: combustion engines are among the largest global sources of greenhouse gases. Therefore, the shift to electric vehicles is no longer a trend—it is an urgent necessity and a reality in many parts of the world.

Despite global progress, Brazil still lacks specific legislation to end the use of combustion engine vehicles. However, there are early signs of movement, such as the installation of electric vehicle factories within the country. The expectation is that regulation will follow the pace of other nations and foster investment in infrastructure and innovation.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2023) and Brazil’s Energy Research Company (EPE), a diesel engine emits 2.68 kg of CO₂ per kilowatt-hour (kWh) generated, while a gasoline engine emits 2.31 kg. Diesel generators are still essential for sectors such as construction, hospitals, industry, and events. However, this market must also undergo a swift transition to align with new regulatory frameworks and sustainability commitments.

The state of Ceará stands out on the national stage as a leader in clean energy, with strong solar and wind potential, and more recently, developments in green hydrogen. Ceará was the first in Latin America to implement a green hydrogen-powered generator, anticipating global standards and reinforcing its strategic role in the energy transition.

The shift toward cleaner technologies goes far beyond vehicles. It requires a redesign of public policy, investment in research and development, workforce training, and a smart electrical infrastructure. A true commitment to sustainability demands collective action—from governments, businesses, and society alike. Only then can we build a more sustainable future aligned with international climate agreements.